INFLUENCE OF MOTIVATION ON THE EFFECTIVENESS OF TEACHERS' AND STUDENTS' PERFORMANCE

     Motivation comes from the Latin root movers which means to move. So motivation can mean the process of arousing the interest of an individual to take a move towards a certain goal. Harzberg (1978) defines motivation as all those phenomena which are involved in the stimulation of action toward particular objectives where previously, there was little or no movement towards these goals. Waitley (1996), defines motivation as the inner derive which prompts people to act in a certain way. Motivation involved a number of psychological factors that start and maintain activities towards the achievement of personal goals. Motivation in education can have several effects on how students learn and their behaviour towards subjects matter (Ormord, 2003).
     Motivation of teachers and students in teaching and learning process can direct behaviour towards particular goals, lead to increased effort and energy, enhance cognitive processing, increase initiation of and persistence in activities, determine what consequences are reinforcing and it can also lead to improved performance. Orphlims (2002) is of the view that motivated teachers always look for better ways to do their teaching job. They are more quality oriented and are more productive. Therefore, it means that motivated teachers are determined to give their best to achieve the maximum output (qualitative education). Motivation can be in the form of regular payment of salary, fringe benefit, such as allowance, bonus, promotion of the teachers, provision of good working environment, maintaining high degree of relationship and improving the teachers general well-being. Hence, any teacher that enjoys the above named items is bound to give all his best in discharging his duty because he would derive satisfaction of being a teacher.
     The importance of motivation on teachers' and students' performance is enormous as regards enhancing performance and commitment of teachers in the school. Motivation and performance are very important factors in terms of organizational success and achievements. It plays an important role in the organization because it increases the productivity of employees and quickens the achievement of the organizational goals efficiently. The behaviour of employees can be changed through motivation in any organization. From situation to situation, the level of motivation differs with an individual (Robbins, Judge, & Sanghi, 2005). Motivation also plays an important role for teachers because it helps to achieve the educational target in an efficient way.
      Teachers motivation is very important because it improves the skills and knowledge of teachers. It directly influences their performance (Mustafa & Othman, 2010).The level of motivation and satisfaction of the teachers has a positive effect on their job. The source of the high motivation of the teachers includes opportunities to use special abilities, secure future and the chance to earn good money. If in schools, the teachers do not have sufficient motivation then they are less competent which directly influences the students and the education system. The relevance of motivation and academic  performance is very crucial to the long-term growth of any educational system around the world. They probably rank alongside professional knowledge and skills, centre-competencies, educational resources and strategies as the veritable determinants of educational success and performance.
     Professional knowledge, skills and centre-competencies occur when one feels effective in ones behaviour. In other words, professional knowledge, skills and competencies can be seen when one is taking on and mastering challenging tasks directed at educational success and performance (Filak & Sheldon, 2003). The above factors are closely similar to efficacy, and, of course, it is well known that many teachers lose or fail to develop self-efficacy within educational settings (Dweck, 1999). According to Alarm and Farid (2011), motivation of teachers is very important as it affects the students directly. This fact is supported by Marques (2010) in her conclusion that motivation, satisfaction and performance are interdependent. Dornyei (2001) further states that teacher efficacy affects students directly as there is strong correlation between teacher's efficacy and students’ performance hence a desired outcome by the students can occur with the help of the teacher. This means that low motivation of teachers affects his performance which affects the students’ academic performance.
      In addition, needs satisfaction and motivation to work are very essential in the lives of teachers because they form the fundamental reason for working in life. While almost every teacher works in order to satisfy his or her needs in life, he or she constantly agitates for need satisfaction. Job satisfaction in this context is the ability of the teaching job to meet teachers needs and improve their job or teaching performance. In Nigeria, teachers' motivation and job satisfaction are not any better. Pay and allowances to the teachers are comparatively lower than in the other professions.
      Teaching profession is considered as ‘profession of the last resort’ where individuals find themselves there after they fail to secure better professional courses. In some schools teachers are not involved in decision making as staff meetings are merely used as directive forums. There is poor housing and working conditions. Provision of teaching and learning materials and equipments to the teachers are sometimes not prioritized (Nyantika, 1996).  Any nation that wants to be recognized as a developed country must build its human resources firmly. Hence, a country is said to be technologically developed, if majority of her populace are well educated.
      The aim of motivation is to exert high commitment among teachers to improve student academic performance. For institution such as Teaching Service Commission to increase performance, it should have highly committed teachers with right attitude toward work (Bame, 1975). Globally, employers are not just interested in people turning up for work, it is their performance at work that the employer pays wages and salaries for because the effort that employees put in their work will obviously affect the level of quality output they attain, an effort is related to the motivation of employees (Bame, 1975).Teachers are needed in developing countries such as Nigeria but due to poor and unattractive remuneration some professional teachers have left the classrooms to seek for greener pastures elsewhere.
     Consequent, various purposes or aims of teachers education should be inculcated into our schools. It will be necessary for the provision of highly motivated, conscious and efficient classroom teachers for all level of our educational system and also to encourage teachers commitment to the teaching profession. Also motivation has an effect on the society in various ways for the development of the nation of the hallmarks of the development and economic prosperity while low performance create problem of underdevelopment. Since the future of the country lies with the students, so those students need to be well educated, so that they can be equipped with the knowledge and skills to pilot the affairs of this country.
     Another problem is the governments position concerning the job performance of the teachers; they accuse the teachers of negligence, laziness, purposeful lethargy, and lack of dedication and zeal to work. They further argue that teachers level of efficiency and effectiveness does not necessitate the constant request for salary increase, incentives and better working conditions. While teachers on their part argue that the existing salary structure, benefits and working conditions do not satisfy their basic needs in as much as other sectors of the economy have bigger salary structure, better motivation and enhanced working conditions. Teachers are expected to render a very high job performance, and the Ministry of Education is always curious regarding the job performance of its teachers. Also, the Ministry of Education demands a very high measure of loyalty, patriotism, dedication, hard work and commitment from its teachers (Ubom & Joshua, 2004). Similarly, the roles and contexts of educations motivational methods and tools cannot be underemphasized because high motivation enhances productivity which is naturally in the interests of all educational systems (Ololube, 2005).
     Improving the motivation of teachers greatly improves the students academic performance in Islamic studies and the overall quality of the education system in secondary schools in Nigeria. Raising the motivation and status of teachers as well as retaining high quality teachers is therefore vital to improving students academic performance in Islamic studies in secondary school. Motivation also contributes to the academic growth of  students.Hence, academic performance is the outcome of teaching, teacher motivation provides the desire in students to learn. This is because learners are encouraged to learn, to express themselves through answering questions, taking part in both individual and group assignments; and getting involved or committed in the learning process by acquiring ideas, skills and concepts for total development.Therefore, the influence of motivation and student academic performance in schools when properly treated, will lead to good performance and high productivity of secondary school students in Nigeria and  sustain national progress.